Ultimate Guide to Brokerage, Taxes & Hidden Charges in Indian Trading: What Beginners Actually Pay in 2026

Imagine this: you’re a young professional who just opened a demat account. You invest Rs. 1 lakh in a well-known stock, thinking, “Brokerage is zero these days, so costs should be minimal “. A few months later, you sell the stock at a small profit.

Then the contract note arrives. To your surprise, nearly Rs. 1,200 has been spent on charges and taxes. Even with a “zero brokerage” platform, you still ended up paying around 1.2% of your trade value through STT, stamp duty, GST, SEBI fees, and DP charges.

This isn’t unusual. In 2026, India has over 12 crore demat accounts, and retail participation is at an all-time high. Yet most beginners continue to focus only on brokerage, overlooking the multiple other costs that quietly impact returns.

Things have evolved further with Budget 2026. STT on F&O has been increased to curb excessive speculation, while long-term equity investors continue to benefit from stable capital gains rules, including the Rs. 1.25 lakh exemption.

Whether you invest Rs. 5,000 a month or actively trade larger amounts, these costs matter.

In this guide, we break down every charge you actually pay in 2026 and how you can manage them better.

What is Brokerage?

Brokerage is the fee charged by a SEBI-registered stockbroker for facilitating the execution of buy and sell transactions in securities on a recognised stock exchange.

As per the framework laid out by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, investors cannot directly access the trading systems of exchanges like the National Stock Exchange or Bombay Stock Exchange. All trades must be routed through registered intermediaries known as stock brokeRs.

Brokerage is therefore a transaction-linked charge, typically applied:

• Per executed order
  
  
• As a percentage of trade value, or
  
  
• As a flat fee per trade
  
  

It is distinct from statutory levies such as STT, GST, stamp duty, and exchange transaction charges, which are mandated by regulators and not controlled by the broker.

What Role Does Brokerage Play in Investments?

Brokerage is an integral part of the market structure and serves specific functional roles:

• Market access mechanism: Only registered brokers are authorised to provide access to exchange trading systems under SEBI regulations
  
  
• Order routing and execution: Brokers provide the infrastructure that connects investor orders to exchange order-matching systems
  
  
• Cost component of trading: Brokerage is a direct transactional cost and must be considered when calculating net returns
  
  
• Variable cost element: Unlike statutory charges, brokerage varies across brokers and pricing models, making it the primary optimisable cost for investors
  
  
• Regulatory oversight: Brokerage charges and practices are governed by SEBI and exchange-level rules to ensure transparency and fair dealing
  
  

History of Brokerage Charges in India

1. Pre-SEBI Era (Before 1992)

• Brokerage was largely unregulated and non-standardised
  
  
• Pricing varied widely across brokers
  
  
• Limited transparency for investors
  
  

2. Post-1992: SEBI Regulation

• The establishment of the Securities and Exchange Board of India introduced:
  
  
  • Mandatory broker registration
    
    
  • Disclosure requirements
    
    
  • Structured fee practices
    
    

3. 2000s: Electronic Trading Expansion

• Introduction of screen-based trading via the National Stock Exchange
  
  
• Increased competition among brokers
  
  
• Gradual reduction in percentage-based brokerage
  
  

4. 2010s: Discount Brokerage Model

• Emergence of flat-fee brokers
  
  
• Standardisation of low-cost structures (for example, Rs. 20 per order)
  
  
• Increased pricing transparency
  
  

5. Recent Developments (2020s onwards)

• Continued focus by SEBI on cost transparency and investor protection
  
  
• Growth in retail participation is leading to competitive pricing
  
  
• Shift towards technology-driven, low-cost brokerage models
  
  

Brokerage has evolved from a high, non-transparent fee to a regulated and competitive cost component. It remains the only major trading charge that investors can actively compare and optimise, making it a critical factor in cost-efficient investing.

Types of Brokerage Charges in Trading

Type of Brokerage	Definition	Where It Applies	How It Is Charged
Equity Delivery Brokerage	Charged when shares are bought and held beyond settlement	Long-term investing	Rs. 0 or ~0.1%-0.5% of trade value
Equity Intraday Brokerage	Charged for same-day buy and sell without delivery	Intraday trading	Flat fee or small % of trade value
Futures Brokerage	Charged on trading futures contracts	Equity/index futures	Flat fee or % of contract value
Options Brokerage	Charged on buying/selling options contracts	Derivatives (Options)	Usually flat fee per order
Currency Brokerage	Charged on trading currency pairs	Currency derivatives	Flat fee or small %
Commodity Brokerage	Charged on trading commodities	Commodity derivatives	Flat fee or %
Call & Trade Charges	Extra fee for placing orders via dealer support	Offline/manual trades	Fixed charge per order
Margin Trading (MTF) Brokerage	Brokerage for trades executed using borrowed funds	Leveraged delivery trades	Brokerage + interest on margin
Pledge/Unpledge Charges	Charges for pledging shares for margin	Margin-based trading	Fixed fee per request
Algo/API Charges	Charges for using automated trading systems or APIs	Advanced/automated trading	Platform/API fee + brokerage
Delivery Sell (DP) Charges*	Charged when selling shares from demat account	Equity delivery sell	Fixed charge per scrip/day

Key Clarifications

• Brokerage is segment-specific, meaning it varies based on the type of trade (equity, intraday, derivatives, etc.) and the service used.
  
  
• Not all charges associated with trading are brokerage fees. Costs such as DP charges or margin interest are separate, even though they are often grouped with total trading expenses.
  
  
• Not every investor will encounter all types of brokerage. The applicable charges depend on trading style, segment, and usage (delivery, intraday, derivatives, etc).
  
  
• In practice, the core brokerage categories for most retail participants remain equity delivery, intraday, and derivatives, while others apply only in specific scenarios like leverage or offline trading.
  
  
• Brokers may also design custom brokerage structures or pricing plans (for example, volume-based pricing, subscription models, or negotiated rates), but these are typically variations of the standard brokerage categories rather than entirely new types.
  
  

Suggested Read: Options Trading Made Simple (2026): Learn the Basics and Trade with Confidence

Average Brokerage Charges Comparison Across Countries (2026)

See how brokerage charges in India compare with other global markets for a typical retail trade (lowest to highest):

Country	Typical Brokerage	Cost on ~$5,000 Trade (Rs. 4-4.2 lakh approx.)	What It Means for You
United States	$0 for stocks and ETFs	Rs. 0 ($0)	Completely free trading for stocks
India	Rs. 0 for delivery or ~Rs. 20 per trade	Rs. 0 to Rs. 20 ($0 to $0.25)	Extremely low-cost, flat-fee model
Russia	0.01% to 0.1%	Rs. 40 to Rs. 420 ($0.5 to $5)	Low cost, but less transparent
Singapore	0.03% to 0.08%	Rs. 120 to Rs. 335 ($1.5 to $4)	Competitive, percentage-based
China	0.03% to 0.1%	Rs. 120 to Rs. 420 ($1.5 to $5)	Costs increase with trade size
Hong Kong	0.03% to 0.1%	Rs. 120 to Rs. 420 ($1.5 to $5)	Low brokerage, extra stamp duty
South Korea	Around 0.1%	~Rs. 420 (~$5)	Simple but not flat-fee
Japan	0.05% to 0.2%	Rs. 210 to Rs. 840 ($2.5 to $10)	Tiered pricing, higher for large trades
Pakistan	Around 0.15%	~Rs. 630 (~$7.5)	Highest among listed markets

Source: Exchange data + WFE + Reuters analysis

Key Observations

• India is among the cheapest markets globally for retail investors
  
  
• The Rs. 0 delivery and flat Rs. 20 model keeps costs very low
  
  
• The US offers completely free trading, but India comes very close for most trades
  
  
• Markets like Singapore, Hong Kong, and China are competitive, but costs still rise with trade size
  
  
• Some markets, like Pakistan, are relatively more expensive
  
  

Simple Takeaway

• Indian investors benefit from very low brokerage costs globally
  
  
• Flat-fee pricing makes trading more predictable
  
  
• Even small differences in brokerage can impact long-term returns
  
  

Brokerage Charges Comparison Table (Equity & F&O – April 2026)

Broker	Equity Delivery	Equity Intraday	Equity Futures	Equity Options	Key Notes / Other Charges
Bullsmart	Rs. 18 or 0.03% (whichever lower)	Rs. 18 or 0.03% (whichever lower)	Rs. 18 or 0.03% (whichever lower)	Rs. 18 or 0.03% (whichever lower)	Demat AMC: Rs. 125/quarter. Clearing charges: Rs. 50–500 per crore. Call & Trade: Rs. 30/order. DP: Rs. 20/transaction.
Groww	Rs. 20 or 0.1% (whichever lower), min Rs. 5	Rs. 20 or 0.1% (whichever lower), min Rs. 5	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	Zero AMC under BSDA for small holdings. Some debit-balance orders may attract a higher fee.
Zerodha	Rs. 0	0.03% or Rs. 20 (whichever lower)	0.03% or Rs. 20 (whichever lower)	Rs. 20 flat	Zero AMC for the first year (new customers). API orders sometimes Rs. 10 till March 2026 (extended).
Angel One	Lower of Rs. 20 or 0.1%, min Rs. 5 (after first 30 days; Rs. 0 up to Rs. 500 total brokerage in first 30 days)	Lower of Rs. 20 or 0.1%, min Rs. 5	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	AMC: Rs. 60 + GST/quarter (waived in BSDA for small holdings). First 30 days promo across segments.
Upstox	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 or 0.1% (whichever lower)	Rs. 20 or 0.05% (whichever lower)	Rs. 20 flat	Flat-fee model. Optional paid plans (e.g., Power/Ultra Trader) can be reduced to Rs. 10/order for subscribers. AMC Rs. 25/month in some descriptions.
5paisa	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	Flat-fee model. Optional paid plans (e.g., Power/Ultra Trader) can reduce to Rs. 10/order for subscribers. AMC Rs. 25/month in some descriptions.
Dhan	Rs. 0	Rs. 20 or 0.03% (whichever lower)	Rs. 20 flat	Rs. 20 flat	Zero AMC for life (individuals). Zero on ETFs, IPOs & Mutual Funds too. No hidden platform fees.
Sahi	Rs. 10 or 0.05% (whichever lower); First 30 days: Rs. 0	Rs. 10 or 0.05% (whichever lower); First 30 days: Rs. 0	Rs. 10 flat; First 30 days: Rs. 0	Rs. 10 flat; First 30 days: Rs. 0	Zero AMC. DP charges ~Rs. 13.5 per scrip on sell. Strong low-cost option after promo period.
Lemonn	Rs. 20 per executed order (standard plan)	Rs. 20 per executed order (standard plan)	Rs. 20 per executed order (standard plan)	Rs. 20 per executed order (standard plan)	Zero AMC. Offers “Infinity” subscription (~Rs. 799/month after first month at promo rate) for unlimited zero brokerage on Equity & F&O.

Source: Official pricing pages only (bullsmart.in/pricing, dhan.co/pricing, sahi.com/pricing, lemonn.co.in, groww.in, zerodha.com, angelone.in, upstox.com, 5paisa.com).

Critical disclaimer: This table contains only data copied from the broker’s own public pricing pages on April 13, 2026. Tariff plans can change without notice. Always verify directly on the broker’s official pricing page and use their calculator with your exact trade size before opening an account or trading. Non-brokerage costs (especially DP + clearing + AMC) can still add up significantly.

Brokerage Charges & How They Work

Brokerage is the commission your broker charges for executing trades. It is the only cost where you have direct control, since you can compare brokers and choose the most cost-effective option.

There are two common pricing models:

• Percentage-based model (traditional full-service brokers): Around 0.1% to 0.5% of the trade value
  
  
• Flat-fee model (modern discount brokers): Up to Rs. 20 per order or a small percentage, whichever is lower
  
  

Discount Brokers vs Full-Service Brokers in 2026

In India, brokerage is primarily charged using two different pricing structures. Understanding this difference is important because it directly impacts how much you pay on every trade.

The Two Brokerage Structures

• Flat-fee model (commonly used by discount brokers): A fixed charge is applied per trade, regardless of the trade size.
  Example: You may pay up to Rs. 20, whether your trade is Rs. 10,000 or Rs. 10 lakh
  
  
• Percentage-based model (commonly used by full-service brokers). Brokerage is calculated as a percentage of the trade value.
  Example: At 0.3%, a Rs. 1 lakh trade costs Rs. 300, while a Rs. 10 lakh trade costs Rs. 3,000
  
  

How These Models Apply Across Segments

Segment	Flat-Fee Model	Percentage-Based Model
Equity Delivery	Rs. 0 brokerage	0.1% to 0.5% of trade value
Equity Intraday	Up to Rs. 20 per order or ~0.03% (lower applies)	0.1% to 0.5% of trade value
Futures & Options	Up to Rs. 20 per order	0.1% to 0.5% of contract value

Source: CDSL

Why This Difference Matters

Factor	Flat-Fee Model	Percentage-Based Model
How brokerage is charged	Fixed fee per trade	Charged as % of trade value
Impact of trade size	Cost remains the same regardless of trade value	Cost increases as trade value increases
Cost predictability	Highly predictable	Varies with every trade
Example (Rs. 1 lakh intraday trade)	~Rs. 20	Rs. 300 (at 0.3%)
Best suited for	Frequent traders, large trade sizes	Smaller trades or bundled service users

What Changed Over Time

Trend	Impact on Investors
Zero brokerage on equity delivery	Reduced cost for long-term investors to Rs. 0 brokerage on buy-and-hold trades
Capped brokerage on intraday & F&O	Limited per-trade cost (for example, Rs. 20), making active trading more cost-efficient
Shift to flat-fee structures	Made brokerage predictable and significantly lower compared to percentage-based models
Increased retail participation	Lower costs contributed to higher participation from individual investors

Point to note: Your brokerage totally depends on the type of trade taken + the pricing structure as used by your broker. Understanding both will help you choose a cost structure that aligns with your trading style and helps you avoid unnecessary expenses.

Statutory Charges You Cannot Avoid

Statutory charges are mandatory fees imposed by the government, regulators, and stock exchanges on every trade. These charges are fixed and apply regardless of which broker you choose.

In simple terms, even if your brokerage is Rs. 0, you will still pay these costs on every transaction.

STT (Securities Transaction Tax)

This is the largest statutory charge in most trades.

• Collected directly by the government
  
  
• Applied to every buy or sell transaction
  
  
• Rates vary based on the type of trade
  
  

STT Rates in 2026

Segment	Rate	Who Pays
Equity Delivery	0.1%	Buyer & Seller
Equity Intraday	0.025%	Seller
Futures	0.05%	Seller
Options (premium)	0.15%	Seller
Options (exercise)	0.15%	Buyer

Recent changes have made F&O trading more expensive, especially in futures and options.

Stamp Duty

This is a government charge collected by states, but the rates are now uniform across India.

• Charged only when you buy
  
  
• Varies by segment
  
  

Segment	Rate
Equity Delivery	0.015%
Intraday	0.003%
Futures	0.002%
Options	0.003%

Exchange Transaction Charges

These are charged by the stock exchange for facilitating your trades.

• Very small in value
  
  
• Slightly different across exchanges
  
  

Typical costs:

• Equity trades: around Rs. 3-Rs. 4 per Rs. 1 lakh
  
  
• Futures: around Rs. 1-Rs. 2 per Rs. 1 lakh
  
  
• Options: higher, based on the premium
  
  

SEBI Turnover Fees

This is a regulatory charge collected by SEBI.

• Applied to both buy and sell
  
  
• Minimal impact individually, but applies to every trade
  
  

Rate: 0.0001% (Rs. 10 per Rs. 1 crore traded)

What Does This Mean for You?

Even with zero brokerage, these charges still apply.

Example: Rs. 1 Lakh Trade

Charge Type	Delivery	Intraday	Futures
STT	Rs. 200	Rs. 25	Rs. 50
Stamp Duty	Rs. 15	Rs. 3	Rs. 2
Exchange + SEBI	~Rs. 3.5	~Rs. 3.5	~Rs. 2
Total Cost	Rs. 218.50	Rs. 31.50	Rs. 54

Simple Takeaway

• Statutory charges are fixed and unavoidable
  
  
• They apply no matter which broker you use
  
  
• These costs can significantly impact returns, especially for frequent traders
  
  

GST: The 18% Tax on Top of Certain Charges

GST (Goods and Services Tax) is an additional charge of 18%, but it does not apply to your entire trade value. It is charged only on specific components of your trading cost.

Where GST Applies

GST is applicable on:

• Brokerage charged by the broker
  
  
• Exchange transaction charges
  
  
• SEBI turnover fees
  
  

Where GST Does NOT Apply

GST is not charged on:

• STT (Securities Transaction Tax)
  
  
• Stamp duty
  
  

Example

Let’s say your total charges from:

• Brokerage
  
  
• Exchange fees
  
  
• SEBI charges
  
  

add up to Rs. 30.

GST at 18% will be: Rs. 5.40 (18% of Rs. 30)

So your total becomes: Rs. 35.40

Why This Matters

GST may look small individually, but it:

• Applies to every trade
  
  
• Increases your controllable costs by ~18%
  
  
• Becomes significant over time, especially for active traders
  
  

Quick Takeaway

• GST is charged only on broker-related fees, not government levies
  
  
• It directly increases the costs you can control (like brokerage)
  
  
• Even small amounts can add up if you trade frequently
  
  

Taxes on Your Profits: STCG vs LTCG vs Business Income

Apart from trading costs, you also need to pay tax on the profits you earn. This is where many beginners end up making mistakes, especially during tax filing.

Holding Period Matters

For equity shares and equity mutual funds, tax depends on how long you hold the investment:

• Up to 12 months: Short-Term Capital Gains (STCG)
  
  
• More than 12 months: Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG)
  
  

Tax Rates in 2026

Gain Type	Tax Rate	Key Notes
STCG (Equity)	20% (flat)	No indexation benefit
LTCG (Equity)	12.50%	Rs. 1.25 lakh exemption per financial year

This means:

• Short-term profits are taxed at a higher rate
  
  
• Long-term investors benefit from a lower tax rate and an annual exemption
  
  

When Does Trading Become Business Income?

Not all trading profits are treated as capital gains.

Your income may be classified as business income if:

• You trade frequently
  
  
• Intraday trading is regular
  
  
• Futures and options form a major part of your activity
  
  

In such cases:

• Income is taxed as per your income tax slab
  
  
• A tax audit may apply if turnover exceeds Rs. 2 crore
  
  
• Loss set-off rules become stricter
  
  

Other Important Tax Points

• Dividends: Taxed as per your income tax slab
  
  
• Buybacks: Tax is paid by the company, not the investor
  
  
• Set-off rules:
  
  
  • Short-term losses can be adjusted against any capital gains
    
    
  • Long-term losses can be adjusted only against long-term gains
    
    

ITR Filing Tip

Before filing your return:

• Download Form 26AS and AIS (Annual Information Statement)
  
  
• Use the correct ITR form:
  
  
  • ITR-2 for capital gains
    
    
  • ITR-3 for business income
    
    

Simple Takeaway

• Your tax depends on both the holding period and the trading activity
  
  
• Long-term investing is generally more tax-efficient
  
  
• Frequent trading can increase both tax liability and compliance requirements
  
  

Demat & Account Maintenance Charges

Apart from brokerage and taxes, there are a few account-level charges that come with maintaining a demat account. These are usually small individually, but they can add up over time.

Annual Maintenance Charge (AMC)

This is a yearly fee charged by your broker or depository participant for maintaining your demat account.

• Typically ranges between Rs. 0 to Rs. 500 per year, plus GST
  
  
• Some brokers may offer Rs. 0 AMC, especially for basic accounts
  
  

BSDA (Basic Services Demat Account)

For small investors, BSDA offers reduced or zero charges:

• Holdings up to Rs. 4 lakh: Rs. 0 AMC
  
  
• Holdings between Rs. 4 lakh and Rs. 10 lakh: Maximum Rs. 100 per year plus GST
  
  

This makes BSDA a cost-effective option for investors with smaller portfolios.

DP (Depository Participant) Charges

These are charges applied when you sell shares from your demat account in delivery trades.

• Typically Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 per ISIN per day, plus GST
  
  
• Charged only on the sell transactions in delivery
  
  
• Not applicable to intraday trades
  
  

This is often considered a hidden cost, especially for investors who sell frequently.

Other Charges to Be Aware Of

Some additional charges may apply depending on your activity:

• Pledge / Unpledge charges: Around Rs. 30 per request
  
  
• Call & Trade charges: Rs. 50 to Rs. 200 per order when placing trades through a dealer
  
  
• Physical statement charges: Rare today, but may apply if requested
  
  

Real-Life Cost Breakdown: What You Actually Pay

Understanding charges becomes much easier when you look at real examples. Let’s see how much you actually pay across different types of trades.

Example 1: Long-Term Delivery Trade (Rs. 1 lakh buy and sell after 7 months at the same price)

Charge Type	Amount
Brokerage	Rs. 0
STT	Rs. 200
Stamp Duty	Rs. 30 (buy and sell)
Exchange + SEBI + GST	~Rs. 8
DP Charges (sell)	Rs. 18 + GST
Total Cost	~Rs. 256 (0.256%)

What this means: Even if there is no price gain or loss, you still incur around 0.25% cost.

Tax note: If your total long-term gains in the year are within Rs. 1.25 lakh, you may not pay any tax.

Example 2: Intraday Trade (Rs. 1 lakh)

Charge Type	Amount
Brokerage	Rs. 20
STT	Rs. 25
Stamp Duty + Exchange + SEBI + GST	~Rs. 12
Total Cost	~Rs. 57 (0.057%)

What this means: Your trade needs to move by at least 0.06% in your favour just to recover costs.

Example 3: Futures Trade (Rs. 1 lakh notional value, post-2026)

Charge Type	Amount
Brokerage	Rs. 20
STT	Rs. 50
Other Charges	~Rs. 15
Total Cost	~Rs. 85 (0.085%)

What this means: Futures trading has become relatively more expensive due to higher STT, increasing your overall cost per trade.

Side-by-Side Comparison

Trade Type	Total Cost	Cost %
Delivery	~Rs. 256	0.26%
Intraday	~Rs. 57	0.06%
Futures	~Rs. 85	0.09%

Suggested Read: Intraday Trading Guide 2026: Best Indicators, VWAP Strategies & Time Frames for NSE Stocks

Break-Even Logic

To avoid losses, your trade must first recover all charges.

Break-even move = Total cost ÷ Trade value

For example:

• If your cost is Rs. 57 on a Rs. 1 lakh trade
  
  
• You need a 0.057% price movement in your favour just to break even
  
  

Simple Takeaway

• Delivery trades look expensive in percentage terms, but are suitable for long-term holding
  
  
• Intraday trades have lower costs but require precision due to smaller margins
  
  
• Futures trading costs have increased, making cost management more important
  
  

Suggested Read: F&O Trading in Volatile Markets: How to Use Greeks (Delta, Theta, Vega) Effectively in 2026

How to Reduce Brokerage Charges

Beginner Tips

• Stick to delivery investing instead of frequent trading
  
  
• Choose brokers with zero delivery brokerage and low or no AMC
  
  
• Avoid frequent selling, as DP charges can add up quickly
  
  

Pro Tips

• Use a BSDA account if your portfolio is small to save on AMC
  
  
• Prefer delivery trades where possible to reduce overall charges like STT impact
  
  
• If you trade in high volumes, look for lower exchange charges and API access
  
  
• Use tax harvesting to adjust gains and reduce tax liability
  
  
• Always check costs using brokerage calculators before placing trades
  
  

Red Flags to Watch

• High DP charges on delivery sell transactions
  
  
• Hidden Call & Trade fees
  
  
• Brokers pushing MTF (margin trading) with high interest rates
  
  

Suggested Read: What is Paper Trading: Practice Stock Market Trading for Free Before Using Real Money in 2026
& Using ChatGPT for Trading in 2026: Smart Move or Risky Bet?

Bottom Line

By now, one thing should be very clear: brokerage is just the beginning. The real cost of trading or investing in India comes from a mix of charges that often go unnoticed until you see your contract note.

The good news is that India is one of the most cost-efficient markets in the world today. With zero brokerage on delivery and flat-fee models, investors have more control over their costs than ever before. But that does not mean costs are irrelevant. STT, GST, DP charges, and taxes on profits can quietly eat into your returns if you are not paying attention.

The difference between a smart investor and an average one is not just stock selection. It is also about understanding how much you are paying and why. Small percentages may not look like much in a single trade, but over time, they can make a meaningful difference to your overall wealth.

If you take away one thing from this guide, let it be this: always look at the total cost, not just brokerage. Because in the market, it is not just about how much you earn, but how much you get to keep.

Disclaimer: Investments in securities market are subject to market risks. Read all the related documents carefully before investing. The securities are quoted as an example and not as a recommendation.

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